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Got Trust?

If you’ve never done so, it might be fascinating to take one of your favorite Sunday Collects and trace the history behind it. The one we prayed together this morning, an ancient collect entitled “For Cheerfulness”, was included in the appendix of a collection called Ancient Collects, which was put together in 1862 by The Rev. William Bright. Bright, who died in 1901 at age 77, on the cusp of the 20th century, was Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Oxford, and Canon of Christ Church. The Rev. Dr. Marion Hatchett, author of the wonderful Commentary On the American Prayer Book, notes that the Collect had been printed in the 1928 Prayer Book “among additional family prayers”, and that it alluded to passages from three Epistles: 1 Timothy, Philippians, and 1 Peter. “In the Gospels,” Hatchett says, “the antithesis of faith is not doubt but fear, for faith is essentially trust in God’s love and care.” Having heard the three Scripture readings proclaimed this morning, it’s fairly easy to discern that that is the general theme.

The Collect outlines in the first sentence God’s will for us: to give thanks for all things; to fear nothing but the loss of God; and to cast all our anxiety and concern upon God who cares for us. In the prayer, we further ask God to preserve us from: faithless fears; worldly anxieties; and clouds of this mortal life which hide from us the Love which is both immortal, undying, and which is embodied in the person of Jesus the Christ, and which is the basis for our ultimate trust and faith in God.

The writer of today’s Isaiah passage (Isaiah 49:8-16a), whom we call “2nd Isaiah”, was likely one of those deported in the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews (586-c. 538) and is writing probably around the mid-500’s BCE, during the reign of the last Babylonian ruler, Nabonidus. 2nd Isaiah holds out consolation and hope to his people, referring to an unnamed servant of God, probably the Persian Cyrus II, the Great, who later released the Jewish people to return to their homeland. Quite to the amazement of the exiled Jews, God has chosen this Gentile king as God’s instrument, God’s servant, to embody both God’s own righteousness and compassion. “I have answered you...I have helped you.” Through Cyrus, God will “lead them...guide them”. Nevertheless, humans being humans, many of the people are reluctant to buy Isaiah’s message; some outright resist it. Doubts, “faithless fears”, and “worldly anxieties” refuse to give way in many hearts. “The Lord has forsaken me...forgotten me.”

How often don’t you and I experience similar feelings the minute something goes wrong in our lives: the minute our brilliant plans are side-tracked or hit a wall, the minute that the lives we’d envisioned for ourselves, of happiness, success, good health, suddenly take a sharp turn and we find ourselves moving in directions we’d never have chosen for ourselves? Yet, just as with the lonely, forsaken Jewish exiles, God, like a mother who lovingly nurses a hungry child or showers it with compassion when it hurts itself, often sends us someone(s) in our distress, someone(s) whom we’d never have imagined or to whom we’d never think to reach out. “See," God says, “I have inscribed you on the palms of my hands...that’s how much I care.” In those moments when we realize that God has, indeed, not left us forsaken we find that it becomes easier, as the narrator of Psalm 131 says, to “still my soul and make it quiet, like a child upon its mother’s breast…” In the quiet of our soul we learn to “wait upon the Lord.”

Christopher Seitz has written: “Moses cut a covenant; the servant is a covenant.” Speaking to the Christians at Corinth, St. Paul, in the second reading (1 Corinthians 4:1-5), reminds them that Jesus called them to exercise their faith as servants and stewards of Christ and of God’s mysteries. In another place, 2 Corinthians 5:18-20, says that, as servants/stewards, we are called to “the ministry of reconciliation”: we’re sent as “ambassadors for Christ”. The job description for a servant/steward of God’s reconciling compassion and love, Paul says, is simple: be trustworthy, and don’t be judgmental. He notes that he doesn’t even judge himself: something which a good number of us, I suspect, haven’t yet gotten the hang of! It’s God, Paul says, who’ll “disclose the purposes of the heart” for every person, because only God sees the complete picture. Our commission is simply to live as an ambassador, an authorized representative or messenger, of God: the word coming from the Middle English, the Anglo-French, and ultimately the Old High German ambaht = service. Ours is the service, in God’s name, of bringing hope and consolation, of restoring faith for our sisters and brothers, in the face of fear and “worldly anxieties”.

Matthew’s Jesus, in the Gospel reading (Matthew 6:24-34), reinforces this theme of the other readings. Jesus‘ statement, “You cannot serve God and wealth”, however, can lose some of its rich depth for us if we take the word wealth too literally. What Jesus really seems to be addressing is what someone has called “the acquisitive spirit”. When you and I aren’t able to set our hearts firmly on God in Christ, which is what faith ultimately means, our resulting fearfulness manifests itself in inner anxiety, distraction and worry. And so we attach ourselves to and lose ourselves in all sorts of things. It’s very much what the exiled Jewish community did back in the 6th century BCE: “God has forsaken me.”, “How’re we going to get out of here?”, “Can we trust this Persian guy?” The concerns of folks in Jesus‘ time, often the same as ours today, may take more immediate, earthy forms: “How’re we going to survive?”, “Where will the money come from to buy groceries?”, “How can I afford to buy new clothes?”, “Who’ll take care of me if I become ill or when I grow old?” Jesus‘ solution, then and now, is to focus on today, on detaching from all our anxieties, distractions and worries, and attaching to Jesus and the coming reign of God. “...Indeed your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things...but strive first for the reign of God and God’s righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well…” Pay attention to your ministry of reconciling all things in Christ, of embodying for those in your life God’s compassion, justice and love, and the rest will be taken care of.

Scripture scholar Robert Hoch expresses it this way: “My sense is that most of us have not seen the world in a very long time—at best, we are passing through the world at the speed of a blur, our wake of wind creating untold turbulence and roadkill, passing enormous swathes of land and ways of being with barely more than a nod. We think our cars, rigged with GPS, power windows, and heated seats are symbols of our worldly import, justifying the urgency of our tasks; maybe they are important, but what about the hour itself, what about the land we live in, what about the community to which we belong? Matthew's Jesus says twice, ‘look’ and ‘consider’...Our ‘worry’ and ‘anxious’ labor are symptoms of a people detached from what is true and what is lasting and what is deep…”

Most loving Father, whose will it is for us to give thanks for

all things, to fear nothing but the loss of you, and to cast all

our care on you who care for us: Preserve us from faithless

fears and worldly anxieties, that no clouds of this mortal life

may hide from us the light of that love which is immortal,

and which you have manifested to us in your Son Jesus Christ

our Lord... Amen.

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Emily Malbone Morgan (1862 - 1937)

Emily Malbone Morgan's family were prominent citizens of Hartford, CT, and her Anglican heritage came from both sides of the family. The home in which she was born formerly belonged to the parents of J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr. Her early education was done by her mother through reading, home tutoring, and travel: to Italy, Bermuda, Russia, Egypt, Spain, North Africa, Jerusalem, and, in this country, California. She studied for a time at a Miss Haines's school in Hartford, where she took up writing.

In 1883 a friendship with Adelyn Howard began.
Adelyn, a Hartford playmate with whom Emily had climbed apple trees and shared attic treasures, had fallen
victim to a fatal hip disease. She was lonely and desolate in a new town away from relatives and friends. Learning through a common friend that Adelyn needed friends, Emily drove from Hartford to Winsted to see her. Because of this bond Emily co-founded in 1884, with the support of Harriet Hastings of Wellesley, the Society of the Companions of the Holy Cross, in order that Adelyn, the shut-in, might be able to offer prayers and thanksgiving for the many people for whom Emily and Harriet were working in a more active way.

"My greatest desire," Emily Morgan, who never married, once wrote, "has always been to make tired people rested and happy." She was extremely generous, and wherever she traveled, she bought gifts for her friends, relatives, and acquaintances. Her principal form of giving, however, was providing hospitality. She welcomed people to home, established summer homes across the northeast, and found special satisfaction in carrying forward the summer programs of the Society of the Companions of the Holy Cross. In 1901, the Society established a permanent home in Byfield, MA. New facilities were built in 1915 and given the name Adelynrood, which continues today as the Society's headquarters and retreat center.

Vida Scudder tells us: "Through long years of sharing with others [Emily] found fulfillment of her best self, a satisfactory expression of her Christian religion, an opportunity for leadership, and growth in power. Her early diaries show a rebellion against formal religion per se and confusion at the willingness of so-called Christians to overlook the suffering of men, women, and children living in their cities. For several years she struggled against unbelief and lived in an agony of soul. When she had found an opportunity to plan for the happiness of others, she began to know the Christ whom she sought. It was through her obedience to His law 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself' that she reached the higher law 'Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength.'"

Emily Morgan was a loyal member of the Episcopal Church, but was never partisan in her devotion either to her branch of Christianity or to any group within the Church. She was a member of Trinity Church, Hartford, in her childhood days. Later she and her family became members of Christ Church, now the Cathedral in Hartford, and attended regularly there. In her latter years she was a member of Trinity Church, Boston, where she had a Bible class for young women.

The Rev. John Roberts (1853 - 1949)

 Fr. John Roberts and some of the students of the 

Shoshone Mission School, c. 1906

  No...not that "John Roberts", i.e., the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court! This John Roberts has just recently been included in the commemorations of Holy Women, Holy Men: Celebrating the Saints.

John Roberts was born in Dyserth, on the coast of North Wales, south of Prestatyn and north of St. Asaph, which I had the pleasure of visiting in 1993. Roberts received his education at Rhuthun Grammar School, then at St David’s College, Lampeter, then affiliated with Oxford University. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree in 1876, and was ordained a deacon in 1878 at Lichfield Cathedral by the Rt. Rev. George Augustus Selwyn.

Roberts served as curate for a short time at Dawley Magna in Shropshire, but soon left there for the Bahama Islands in 1878. He was ordained a priest by the Rt. Rev. Francis Cramer Roberts at Nassau, became chaplain of St Matthew's Cathedral, and also ministered to the leper colonies. He continued to grapple with his vocation and the dissatisfaction he felt ministering only to Christian people. It was also during this time that he met Laura Alice Brown, the Cathedral organist, who eventually became his wife.

In 1880 John Roberts set out for New York and applied for his first preference of priestly work: ministering to the Native Americans of the U.S. While in New York, he met Bishop John Franklin Spalding (1828-1902), missionary Bishop of Wyoming and Colorado, and requested being sent for “missionary work in your most difficult field”. At that time the Shoshone and Bannock Indian Agency on the Shoshone Indian Reservation, later known as the Wind River Indian Reservation, was within Bishop Spalding's missionary district.

Bishop Spalding first sent Roberts to Greeley, CO, then to Pueblo, to minister to the coal miners. He was also Rector of Trinity Church, Pueblo, and established Trinity Mission in South Pueblo in 1882, where he assisted working in the hospital during a small pox epidemic.

He left Pueblo in 1883 and travelled via Cheyenne to Green River, WY. Upon his arrival, he found Green River in the throws of a ferocious blizzard, thus preventing the stage coach from making the 150 mile journey from Green River to the Shoshone/Bannock Indian Agency. Nevertheless, the hearty pioneers of those days believed that the mail still had to be delivered. So they improvised by harnessing four horses to a large dry goods box, with hay spread on the floor, to which they added runners. As the driver was preparing to leave, John Roberts, standing there with his dog, let the man know that he also wanted to go as soon as possible, and thus hitched a ride. The journey took eight days, rather than 2 1/2! They arrived, exhausted, at Fort Washakie in 60 degree-below weather.

The two tribes of Native Americans on the reservation to whom Fr. Roberts ministered were very poor and lived primitively. The Shoshones were mountain Indians, and the Arapahoe, who lived about 20 miles from Ft. Washakie, were Plains Indians. Neither were friendly towards each other. Fr. Roberts gradually gained their confidence, learning both the Shoshone and Arapahoe languages and recording their vocabulary. Unlike many other missionaries, Roberts respected the people and encouraged them to retain their native culture, identity and languages, and, at the same time, helped them to adjust to the world developing around them. Apparently, Chief Washakie of the Shoshone tribe was something of a mercurial character and changed his religion several times.

In 1887 Chief Washakie gave Fr. Roberts 160 acres of land in order to build a mission school and house, some two miles from the fort. The U.S. government had already subsidized an industrial school nearby, but provided no furniture. Eventually the Native American boys were to be taught how to make furniture for the school. As was, and still is, common among many missionaries, John Roberts sent letters, inviting donations and sponsorship of his projects, to all the people he knew.

During his first year he wrote to his fiancée, Laura Brown, who was still in the Bahamas, asking her not to follow him out to Wyoming under any circumstances. The winters were severe and he felt that she couldn't survive the primitive living conditions, seeing that she was from a wealthy family and had been mostly used to servants and private tutors. Love, however,  proved to be stronger, for Laura responded that she was, indeed, coming and to expect her by the end of the year (1884). Only 19 years old at the time, Laura travelled 5000 miles via Liverpool and New York to Rawlins, WY, the nearest railway stop to the reservation. Fr. Roberts had to guesstimate the date of her arrival there. Leaving Ft. Washakie on December 24 by stage coach, he arrived the next afternoon, only a matter of hours after Laura's morning arrival. It'd been three years since they'd last seen each other, and at first Laura didn't recognize him under his large buffalo-hide coat.

John and Laura were married on the afternoon of Christmas Day, 1884, the first wedding at the new St Thomas Episcopal Church. Though many attending were strangers, the church was full and the congregation lavished them with good wishes before they set out the next day for the reservation. Eventually they had six children, five of whom survived: Eleanor, Gwen, Marion, Gladys, and Edward, all of whom became fluent in the native languages and were taught alongside the Native Americans.

Fr. Roberts was responsible for establishing a number of Wyoming churches: in Lander, Milford, Dubois, Thermopolis, Hudson, Riverton, Ethete, etc. Chief Washakie was very helpful in the first few years of Fr. Roberts' ministry. He died in 1900 at about the age of 100, and is buried in the Military Cemetery. It is said that he is the only Native American chief to have had a military funeral, having been highly regarded by the soldiers at the Fort. Fr. Roberts was the celebrant of his funeral.

In his second year of ministry at the Fort, Fr. Roberts was asked to call on a very old Native American woman, who turned out to be none other than Sacajawea, then about 100 years old also. She had been a translator and guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803-1806, discovering the route from the eastern U.S. to the Pacific Ocean. Sacajawea died on April 9, 1884, and Fr. John Roberts had the honor of officiating at her burial. She was buried about 2 miles from the Fort, although some states dispute the claim. A large headstone was erected many years later and is often visited by tourists.

John Roberts was honored for his pioneering ministry and his untiring efforts in teaching among the Native Americans. In 1932 he was awarded a Doctorate of Law in Wyoming and a Doctorate of Divinity at Evanston, IL. In 1933 the flag of Wyoming was presented to the great choir of the National Cathedral in Washington in honor of both Fr. and Mrs. Roberts.

I, for one, am really happy to see folks like John Roberts, certainly unknown to me before now and, I suspect, to many others, included in our Church's commemorations. What a rich and exciting life he led, and what a marvelous and dedicated pioneer ministry he carried on, both for our country and for the Episcopal Church.

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Living In the Shadow of Your Predecessor

During my 25 years of ministry in the Episcopal Church, I served in two long-term positions: one for 10 years as Rector of a large parish; another for 11 years as Regional Missioner of three small parishes. Though I've never spent a lot of time thinking about it, I've wondered from time to time what it was like for my successors in those places. What did they hear from parishioners about my tenure there? Was there overall satisfaction, or disappointment? What did folks criticize most about my time there? What were the deficiencies and lacks in ministering to the parishes which I either missed, overlooked, or simply denied? It's never easy, I think, to follow the tenure of a predecessor, to avoid being compared, to gain acceptance for one's own merits.

Woodeene Koenig-Brickers writes this, reflecting on St. Matthias, Apostle, in her book 365 Saints: "It's difficult enough to try to live up to your predecessor's glorious reputation, but it's even more difficult to have to live down a bad one. St. Matthias had that problem. The only thing we know about him is that he was chosen to take Judas Iscariot's place among the twelve apostles. Imagine going through history known as the one who replaced Judas. No matter what Matthias did, the first thing people were bound to remember was that he took over from the person who betrayed Jesus..."

For centuries, according to Fr. Pius Parsch, Matthias wasn't accorded full honor as an apostle because their number of 12 was rounded out by St. Paul, who consistently introduced himself to communities in Asia Minor as "...Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God..." Matthias was named among other "apostolic men", such as Stephen and Barnabas, and only made it to the second grouping of saints in the Roman Canon, rather than the first. It was Pius V, who was Pope from 1566-1572, who finally gave Matthias' feast a vigil and placed him in the same category as the other Apostles. Pius V was a Dominican, a patron of the great composer, Palestrina, and, no big surprise, canonized St. Thomas Aquinas, another noted Dominican.

Matthias, as noted above, was chosen to replace Judas the Traitor, after Christ's ascension and during the time the Apostles were preparing for the promised coming of the Holy Spirit. As with so many of the early saints, we know practically nothing about them, except for the pious legends which have been handed down to us. Supposedly, Matthias traveled to "distant lands", sowing the seed of God's Word, possibly in Ethiopia. St. Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-c. 215) has left us one sentence in his writings: "[Matthias] exhausted his body by mortification to make his spirit subject to the Crucified."

Matthias is said to have died a martyr's death, and is often depicted in art with a large axe, as in the photo above, from St. Matthias Benedictine Abbey in Trier, Germany, where the relic of his head is ensconced. Legend has it that St. Helena, the Empress, brought a portion of his other relics to Rome where they're venerated in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, where, coincidentally, Pope Pius V rests.

Woodeene Koenig-Bricker's final advice to "successors": "The best -- and only -- thing we can do when we're faced with that situation is to focus our attention on the task at hand. We can't change what the person who had the job before us did or didn't do. All we can control are our own actions." 

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St. Polycarp of Smyrna, Bishop/Martyr - d. c. 156

 

The testimony of St. Irenaeus: 

"...Polycarp, besides being instructed by the Apostles and acquainted with many who had seen the Lord, was also appointed by the Apostles for Asia as bishop of the church in Smyrna. Even I saw him in my early youth; for he remained with us a long time, and at a great age suffered martyrdom full of glory and renown and departed this life, having taught always the things which he had learned from the Apostles, which the Church hands down, which alone are true. There testify to these things all the churches throughout Asia, and the successors of Polycarp down to this day, testimonies to the truth far more trustworthy and reliable than Valentinus and Marcion and the other misguided persons..."

The Running Missionary

Remember the opening scene from the 1981 movie, Chariots of Fire? the winded track stars going for the finish line? the haunting musical theme by Vangelis? That movie was based on the story of Eric Liddell [rhymes with fiddle] (1902-1945), a Scotsman and second son of missionary parents, born in China. Liddell was schooled in England, then entered Edinburgh University where he excelled in athletics throughout his stay there.

Liddell won a spot on the British track and field team for the Paris Olympic games, Olympiad VIII, in 1924. He took a gold medal in the 400 meter, setting a world record, and won a bronze medal in the 200 meter. He was favored to win the gold in the 100 meter, his best event as a university athlete. The race, however, was scheduled for Sunday, and rather than break his commitment to keeping a weekly sabbath, even if it meant not participating, he opted out of the race.

Most people don't know that after he graduated from Edinburgh, Eric returned to North China to serve as a missionary himself, associated with the London Missionary Society, from 1925-1943. In 1932 he was ordained a minister, and two years later he married Florence Mackenzie, daughter of Canadian missionaries to China, with whom he had three daughters.

Because of the ongoing conflict between China and Japan, missionaries had to endure many hardships. When the British government advised expatriates to leave China in 1941, after Japan's invasion, Liddell's wife and children fled to Canada, but Eric and his brother, Rob, remained to continue the missionary work. Two years later Eric was captured by the Japanese and imprisoned in the Weihsien concentration camp. Many of those who survived the camp had fond memories of Liddell and spoke very highly of him.

One of these people was The Rev. Dr. Norman Cliff, who reflected on Liddell's last days in the camp, in a talk he gave in 1999: "As the months in Weihsien Camp went by, life became increasingly difficult. Inadequate nutrition month after month, kept within the confines of electrified wires: all these things began to take a toll on our lives. There were mental breakdowns; cases where workers collapsed at work, typhoid, malaria, and dysentery were prevalent among the prisoners. And with the war dragging on like this we wondered when it would end and if it does end who is going to win.


Morale began to go downhill and sports activities began to fizzle out and this general deterioration in health and morale also came to Eric Liddell. He was as human as the rest of us. He started getting severe headaches, he found glare and noise tiresome and he began to feel the separation from his family.


He tried to continue to be of service to fellow internees. Though the will was there, the energy was not. He began to confide in fellow missionaries of the London Missionary Society of his own struggles and fears, his loneliness, and his family. In January 1945 he was taken to the camp hospital...

...The singing and playing of...hymns gave us a tremendous boost. They reminded us that God had not forgotten us...One Sunday in mid-February 1945 we were playing at one of our usual spots just outside the camp hospital and while we were playing, a nurse sent out a note through the window, ‘Eric Liddell has asked if you would play Finlandia’. Of course our leader led us and we played for him...


...A few days after that Eric Liddell sat up in bed and wrote on a piece of paper to his wife, Florence, in Canada '… was carrying too much responsibility… had slight nervous breakdown… much better after a month in hospital. Special love to you and the children, Eric. After writing this over-optimistic note he said to his friend and colleague, Annie Buchan, 'It’s full surrender,' and he went into a coma from which he did not recover. Within an hour he had gone.


The funeral, a few days later, was crowded and the church could not hold all the people and many were standing outside. All kinds of people came who did not normally come to our Sunday services. There was, for example, a prostitute for whom Eric had done some chores without asking anything in return. Many internees were crowded inside and outside the church. And I was part of that cortège of those who carried the coffin down the road to a small cemetery in Japanese quarters..."

John Henry Newman (1801-1890): "Anglo/Catholic", Cardinal, Theologian

John Henry Cardinal Newman, C.O., was an important figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century, becoming nationally known by the mid-1830s.

Originally an evangelical Oxford academic, he was ordained a priest in the Church of England in 1826. He served as Vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, for two years. As an avid student of the writings of the early Church, he was eventually led, along with others, to question the position of Scripture as the unchecked rule and standard of faith. Newman became one of the founders and leaders in the Oxford Movement within the Anglican Church, and a prolific tractarian. The Movement included noted Anglicans who wished to return the Church of England to many Catholic beliefs and forms of worship. Newman's most notable, and controversial, work was Tract 90, an attempt to reconcile the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church with the Anglican Church's 39 Articles. In 1845 Newman left the Church of England and was received into the Roman Catholic Church. He was ordained as a Roman priest in 1847, became a member of the Congregation of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri [C.O.], and, despite a sometimes problematic relationship with the English Catholic Church, eventually was elevated to the rank of Cardinal in 1877 by Pope Leo XIII.

Pope Benedict XVI officially proclaimed Cardinal Newman "Blessed"on 19 September 2010, at Birmingham, during the Pope's visit to the United Kingdom.

Also a noted literary figure, Cardinal Newman's major writings include his autobiography Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1865–66), the Grammar of Assent (1870), and the poem The Dream of Gerontius (1865), set to music in 1900 by Edward Elgar as an oratorio. He also wrote the popular hymns Lead, Kindly Light and Praise to the Holiest in the Height (taken from Gerontius).

+  +  +

LEAD, Kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom

Lead Thou me on!

The night is dark, and I am far from home—

Lead Thou me on!

Keep Thou my feet; I do not ask to see

The distant scene—one step enough for me.

I was not ever thus, nor pray'd that Thou

Shouldst lead me on.

I loved to choose and see my path, but now

Lead Thou me on!

I loved the garish day, and, spite of fears,

Pride ruled my will: remember not past years.

So long Thy power hath blest me, sure it still

Will lead me on,

O'er moor and fen, o'er crag and torrent, till

The night is gone;

And with the morn those angel faces smile

Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile.

At Sea.

June 16, 1833.

God's Completeness & Ours

 

O Lord, you have taught us that without love whatever we do is worth nothing; 

send your Holy Spirit and pour into our hearts your greatest gift...

without which whoever lives is accounted dead before you. Amen.

Spoon River Anthology, written in 1915 by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free-form poems, describing the life of a fictional small town. 212 separate characters in the poems provide accounts of their lives and losses. Each subsequent poem is an epitaph of a dead citizen, delivered by the dead themselves. Many characters in the Anthology were based on real people whom Masters knew or had heard of in the two towns in which he grew up in Illinois. In 1963, Charles Aidman adapted Spoon River Anthology into a theater production that’s still widely performed today. In July, 1981, I was privileged to be part of the cast in Albatross Theater’s production of the play in Sacramento. One very touching monologue usually brought me to tears as I stood back in the wings. It depicted a young Chinese girl, named Yee Bow, speaking from the grave:

“They got me into Sunday school

In Spoon River

And tried to get me to drop Confucius for Jesus

I could have been no worse off

If I had tried to get them to drop Jesus for Confucius.

For, without any warning, as if it were a prank,

And sneaking up behind me, Harry Wiley,

The minister’s son, caved my ribs into my lungs,

With a blow of his fist.

Now I shall never sleep with my ancestors in Pekin,

And no children shall worship at my grave.”

What a painful, sad example of what a “Christian” should not be. Surely Harry Wiley, as many of us, would’ve repeatedly listened to these passages of Scripture which we’ve just heard in the three readings:
“You shall be holy…”
“You shall not hate in your heart anyone of your kin…”
“You shall love your neighbor as yourself…”
“Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you?…”
“I say to you, Love your enemies…”
“Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.”
Obviously, this minister’s son didn’t have a clue as to the connection those words had with his relationship to others in his Sunday school class. He missed the power of the ways of the Holy and of the love which fills us with thanksgiving if we’re receptive.

Today’s first reading from Leviticus (19:1-2; 9-18) is part of Chapters 17-26, commonly called The Holiness Code, because of the unifying theme of God’s holiness. The Hebrew word which speaks of God as holy means separate, set aside as clean, dedicated. The “Holy One of Israel”, Isaiah tells us, is wholly Other. “...for I...am holy...I am the Lord.” God alone is Holy and all other holiness comes from God. It’s God’s gift to us. “You shall be holy…” What God says of Godself, what God is, is what God graciously lets us be. God’s holiness is the basis and sufficient reason for our being just, honest, generous, and loving to one another. God never proclaims God’s holiness in total isolation, but always in a context where God separates, sets aside, consecrates, someone out of the everyday world to serve the Almighty’s purpose. Not one of us has the right to claim that holiness is beyond our ability. God has let us exist, be, and by the very fact that you are and I am, we can know for certain that we’ve been set apart and have received from the Holy One all that it takes to be holy.

Think about that! That’s so awesome a fact that it should make us, like Moses, want to “take off our shoes”, for we’re indeed standing on holy ground. In the presence of the holiness of the God of Hosts, we can only realize how separate we are, in the opposite direction from God, because of our selfishness. When we stand before the Holy God what’s uppermost in our minds is our utter need for forgiveness and mercy. Holiness isn’t something we work up: it’s rather the gracious, undeserved gift of the One who is Holy. When God touches us, it evokes our awe and worship. Perhaps only the language of worship can adequately express what it is we try to stammer: “Holy, Holy, Holy Lord, God of power and might; heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest.”

In the first reading God says to Moses: “Say to all the congregation of the people of Israel...You shall be holy, for I the Lord your God am holy…” The gift of the Holy One lets us be holy individually, and also lets us be a holy people. Last week’s second reading from 1 Corinthians ended with the words: “...you are...God’s building…”, the immovable and only foundation of which is Jesus the Christ. But St. Paul isn’t just talking about an anonymous building. “Do you not know,” he asks in today’s second reading (1 Corinthians 2:10-11; 16-23), “that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you?” The you here is plural in Greek. The temple, this holy people, is where the Holy God lives and is present through the Holy Spirit of Love. “...God’s temple is holy, and you are that temple…”

In light of the first two readings, perhaps, what many of us have likely seen as one of Jesus’ most difficult sayings in Matthew’s Gospel (5:38-48) will begin to make some sense: “Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” What bothers us, I think, is the word perfect, and the implication that somehow you and I, mere humans, should or can measure up to God’s perfection. We know that that’s impossible. To expect otherwise is, at best, arrogantly presumptuous, at worst, blasphemous. Unfortunately, many folks have driven themselves crazy trying to be as perfect as God.

 The Greek adjective for perfect means complete, full-grown, thorough, whole-hearted. The root verb, to perfect, means to set out for a definite point/goal, and the noun, perfection, refers to completeness, the point aimed at, the terminus, the result or end-product, the purpose achieved. The 1st Epistle of John translates today’s message into amazingly simple terms: “God is Love. Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in him.” The Holy God lets us be holy and we are holy, as individuals and corporately as the congregation and as the wider Church, when we offer to any and every person who comes into our lives the love of God’s Holy Spirit in Jesus. That’s completeness. That’s the point aimed at. That’s God’s purpose, the end-product. That’s what it means for you and me to be complete as our heavenly Father is complete.

Matthew’s passage starts with Jesus saying, “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy,’” referring to Lv 19:18, which actually reads: “You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself…” Nowhere in the Hebrew or Christian Scriptures does God or Jesus direct us to hate any person: quite the contrary. Both the Hebrew Scriptures and Jesus repeatedly stress that the Holy One of Israel is a God whose Love for every human being is both just and compassionate. Jesus further challenges us, in the Gospel, to let our actions display this kind of holy love. When you’re insulted, he says, challenge the insulter with an act of graciousness, turning the other cheek, and not retaliating. In American society, that’s almost unthinkable for us who are so imperfect in contrast to our heavenly Father. It isn’t, to our mind, the “normal” human reaction. He goes on to urge that when someone sues you for your essential garment, i.e., the “coat”, a long, ankle-length basic garment at that time, offer him/her your “cloak” as well, i.e., the outer, heavier, more expensive protective covering. Or suppose that governmental or military authorities force you to assist them. (It was common in the Persian Empire for an official to require someone to walk a mile carrying the mail, in order to keep up a good system. And in Roman-occupied Palestine any soldier had the right to draft a civilian to carry his pack.) Jesus says, “Don’t just assist: do even double what’s demanded.” Can you imagine how dangerous it was at that time for a Jew to even suggest what sounded like collaboration with the Romans?! But Jesus’ point was not about political collaboration. It was about his followers operating on God’s terms, stepping out of the “normal” human pattern, and shocking the enemy with a surprising act of grace.

The rabbis had a saying: “The one sent out by a man is like the man himself.” Jesus directs you and me to love all people, friend or foe, and to pray for them “that you may be son/daughters of your Father in heaven.” To be a son/daughter of God is to be like God. But it means much more than simply declaring ourselves to be supernaturally reborn. It means accepting God’s holiness as the norm of our life, being centered in love, living by the Holy Spirit’s power into a maturity, a whole-heartedness, a completeness patterned after God’s own Holy Being itself.

That simply means that you and I consciously commit ourselves to genuinely accept every person who comes into our lives, as they are: regardless of their inner or outer appearances, and regardless of how they perceive or receive us. This doesn’t mean that we will, or must, like or go along with others’ evil or hurtful actions. Jesus doesn’t recommend non-resistance. He was anything but a wimp. What he means to say is that, like his Father, one will respond to those actions with unexpected acts of grace. You and I will look beyond to the person who, because s/he is worthy of our Father’s love and compassion, is worthy of ours also. Even Gentiles and tax-collectors, Jesus says, two groups despised and outcast in his time, observe the civility of treating their friends graciously. Our Father goes far beyond that kind of “antiseptic” love, and Jesus challenges you and me not to do anything less.

The Father, Jesus says, lavishes essential gifts, such as sunshine and rain, upon all: the good, the bad, the ugly -- unstintingly, without measure. That’s really the whole point of today’s message: you and I are to be perfect, complete, even as our Father, precisely by freely giving the gift of holy, uncalculating love, the kind which we ourselves receive from God’s hands over and over, to all: friend, enemy, family member, the poor, the sojourner, the stranger.

When I was in seminary many years ago, I bought a book by José Luis Martin Descalzo, called God’s Frontier. It was never a best-seller, but it profoundly affected me then and later. In the book, an old priest, Don Macario, who is dying of cancer, shares with a young priest his reflections on life and the human condition:

“‘This is not what your spiritual adviser told you in the seminary. But if we were all sincere, we would confess that we could not stand Christ as a neighbor’...Don Macario stirred in his bed. ‘I have come to the conclusion’, he went on, ‘that God is constantly changing frontiers. He comes down, sets up his tents beside one city, and then another, and another, and another. There may even be a moment when God is on the frontier of each soul, that decisive moment in life when a person knows that everything is at stake. It is that moment of absolute aloneness when a man stands naked before God, without one human handhold. When that moment comes to the soul, there are few paths to choose from. Before, when I was young, I thought there were only two: either to give oneself up to God or to kill Him; I mean kill the idea of Him, the one we men hold. Later I saw that there was another: to become indifferent and go on living. If this moment has not yet come to you, I may tell you that this third path is the worst, but it is also the most comfortable...and the most frequented.'”

Blessed Martin Luther (c. 1483-1546)

 

"...The number of books attributed to Martin Luther is quite impressive. However, some Luther scholars contend that many of the works were at least drafted by some of his good friends like Philipp Melanchthon. Luther’s books explain the settings of the epistles and show the conformity of the books of the Bible to each other. Of special note would be his writings about the Epistle to the Galatians in which Luther compares himself to the Apostle Paul in his defense of the Gospel. Luther also wrote about church administration and wrote much about the Christian home.

Luther's work contains a number of statements that modern readers would consider rather crude. For example, Luther was know to advise people that they should literally 'Tell the Devil he may kiss my ass.' It should be remembered that Luther received many communications from throughout Europe from people who could write anonymously, that is, without the specter of mass media making their communications known. No public figure today could write in the manner of the correspondences Luther received or in the way Luther responded to them. Luther was certainly a theologian of the middle-ages. He was an earthy man who enjoyed his beer, and was bold and often totally without tact in the blunt truth he vehemently preached. While this offended many, it endeared him all the more to others.

He was open with his frustrations and emotions, as well. Once, when asked if he truly loved God, Luther replied 'Love God? Sometimes I hate Him!' Luther was also frustrated by the works-emphasis of the book of James, calling it 'the Epistle of Straw', and questioning its canonicity. Also irritated with the complex symbolism of the Book of Revelation, he once said that it too, was not canon, and that it should be thrown into the river! He later retracted these statements, of course. Luther was a man who was easily misquoted or taken out of context. While a brilliant theologian, and a bold reformer, he would not have made a good politician. But then, he never aspired to any career in politics...

...Martin Luther escaped martyrdom, and died of natural causes. His last written words were, 'Know that no one can have indulged in the Holy Writers sufficiently, unless he has governed churches for a hundred years with the prophets, such as Elijah and Elisha, John the Baptist, Christ and the apostles... We are beggars: this is true.'" (From Greatsite.com)

A Modern Martyr - Archbishop Janani Luwum (1922-1977)

In this day of people revolting against long-standing dictators and the injustice and oppression which they've perpetrated, we have an inspiring example in Janani Luwum. In the name of Jesus and in defense of his people, he was willing to confront on of the 20th century's most notorious despots, Idi Amin of Uganda, fully aware of the consequences. "They are going to kill me. I am not afraid...While the opportunity is there, I preach the Gospel with all my might, and my conscience is clear before God."

O God, whose Son the Good Shepherd laid down his life for the sheep: 

We give you thanks for your faithful shepherd Janani Luwum, 

who after his Savior's example, gave up his life for the people

of Uganda. Grant us to be so inspired by his witness

that we make no peace with oppression, but live as those who

are sealed with the cross of Christ, who died and rose again, 

and now lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit,

one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

Blessed Absalom Jones (1746-1818)

Born - November 6, 1746, in Sussex, DE
Married Mary King - 1770
Died - February 13, 1818, Philadelphia, PA

Sussex, DE, and Philadelphia, PA, slave
Manumitted - October 1, 1784
Methodist lay preacher, licensed - 1786
Free African Society, co-founder - 1787
African Church of St. Thomas, co-founder - 1794
Episcopal Church, ordained deacon - 1795; ordained priest - 1804.

Set us free, heavenly Father, from every bond of prejudice
and fear; that, honoring the steadfast courage of your

servant Absalom Jones, we may show forth in our lives the

reconciling love and true freedom of the children of God,

which you have given us in your Son our Savior Jesus Christ;

who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God,

now and for ever. Amen.

Cyril & Methodius: Scholars, Ecumenists, Missionaries

St. Cyril (c. 827-869), baptized "Constantine", and his brother St. Methodius (c. 815-885) were Byzantine Christian missionaries to the Slavs in the 9th century.

The Greek brothers were born into the Slavic speaking community of Thessaloniki in Macedonia. Constantine, a child prodigy, attended the Imperial University [University of Magnaura], studying grammar, rhetoric, mathematics, and philosophy under the leading teachers of the region, including Photius, who was became the Patriarch of Constantinople. Constantine was also adept at Arabic and Hebrew. Having been ordained a deacon, then 24, he assumed Photius' chair of philosophy at the Imperial University, as well taking charge of the huge library at Hagia Sophia. Living in a monastery on the Bosporus, he was widely known as a teacher, and, in some circles, as "The Philosopher". Methodius became governor of a Slavic-speaking district in Greek territory for a time, then, experiencing a call to monastic life, he left his post to join Constantine at his monastery.

Constantine's mastery of theology and command of both Arabic and Hebrew well qualified him for his first state mission by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III. He was sent to the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutawakkil to discuss the principle of the Holy Trinity with Arab theologians, and to generally improve relations between the Caliphate and the Empire. In c. 860, Emperor Michael in Constantinople, along with Patriarch Photius, again called on Constantine, this time with Methodius also [although this is somewhat uncertain], to go to the land of the Khazars, north and west of the Black Sea (present day Russia and the Ukraine). This was a missionary expedition to the Khazar Khaganate in order to discourage the expansion of Judaism there, though unsuccessful, since the Khagan later imposed Judaism on his people as the national religion. There's a legend that Constantine and Methodius made a stop beforehand at Chersonesus in the Crimea to prepare for the upcoming mission, and that, according to tradition, Constantine discovered the relics of St. Clement of Rome during their stay there. That 200 Khazars were purportedly converted and baptized because of the brothers' work points to a successful mission. After the brothers returned to Constantinople, Methodius was elected abbot of a monastery.

The brothers spent their energy translating scriptural and liturgical texts into the Slavic language. Constantine also composed a totally new Slavonic alphabet, called the glagolithic. In it's final form it's known as the cyrillic alphabet, still used today by Orthodox Christians in Russia, the Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, and Serbia. Constantine used glagolithic to translate the Psalms, the Gospels, and the epistles of St. Paul into Slavic.

In 862 Prince Rastislav of Moravia sent a request for missionaries to Emperor Michael noting: "Our nation is baptized and yet we have no teacher to guide and instruct us in interpreting the Sacred Scriptures. We understand neither Greek nor Latin. Furthermore, we do not understand written characters nor their meaning. Therefore, send us teachers who can make known to us the words of the Scriptures and their sense." (From The Russian Primary Chronicle) The Emperor once again chose to send Constantine and Methodius to Moravia in 863. Constantine told him: "I am weak and sick, but I am happy to go naked and barefoot and I am ready to die for the Christian faith."

The brothers worked under the support of the prince of Moravia: training the clergy, instructing the people in the Slavonic language, converting non-believers, confirming those who already were believers in the Christian faith, and translating liturgical books into the people's language. Their efforts weren't at all universally appreciated, particularly by nearby German clergy who objected on several counts: 1) they saw the brothers as intruders, considering Moravia under their jurisdiction; 2) they considered use of the "vulgar" Slavonic language in liturgy as blasphemous; and 3) they were generally suspicious of anyone from Constantinople! In 864 Louis the German conquered Moravia, and the Frankish clergy curtailed the brothers' activities. These people were what Constantine referred to as trilingualists, i.e., they believed that only Latin, Greek, and Hebrew were acceptable for use in worship, basing their belief on the inscription which hung over Jesus' head at the Crucifixion and identified him as "King of the Jews" in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew.

Constantine and Methodius traveled to Rome in 867, hoping to enlist the Pope's support for their work. By the time they reached Rome a new Pope, Adrian II, was in place. The Pope received the brothers cordially, especially since, according to legend, they'd brought him the relics of St. Clement of Rome. Adrian gave his approval to the Slavonic translations of both the Bible and the liturgy, and blessed the Slavonic books in a service at the altar of the Church of the Virgin. He likewise authorized the use of Slavonic in the Mass in several churches in Rome in which he installed Methodius and three of his disciples. Pope Adrian agreed to consecrate both Constantine and Methodius as bishops, and apparently this was done for Methodius, while it isn't clear, at least from the sources I've read, whether that was true for Constantine.

Constantine's worsening health prevented the brothers from returning to Moravia. He entered a monastery, was tonsured as a monk and took on the name "Cyril", just a month and a half before his death on February 14, 869. He died in Rome, and was buried with great pomp in the Church of St. Clement, whose relics he'd brought back from Crimea.

In the same year, 869, Methodius was consecrated as Archbishop of Sirmium in Moravia, and returned there with the Pope's recommendation. He arrived only to find that Prince Rastislav, who'd originally invited Methodius and his brother, had been overthrown by a nephew, Svátoplúk, who was in cahoots with the German clergy and bishops. In 870 Methodius was arrested, hailed before the synod of German bishops, and imprisoned. Three years later Pope John VIII was able to free him, but only on the condition that Slavonic, "a barbarous language", be used only for preaching. Methodius continued his work, but, having confronted the new prince for his moral failings, Methodius was recalled to Rome on charges of continuing to use Slavonic in the liturgy and for heresy because, following ancient tradition, he omitted the Filioque clause, "and the Son", from the Creed. Pope John summoned him to Rome and, finally satisfied with his orthodoxy, sent him back to Moravia, even authorizing the use of Slavonic in the liturgy, with certain reservations. Nevertheless, at Prince Svátoplúk's request, Pope John unwittingly consecrated a German priest, Wiching, as Methodius' suffragan bishop. Bishop Wiching did everything he could to make Methodius' life miserable, even to the extent of forging pontifical documents! Even after Methodius' death, Wiching made it his mission to try to undo all of Methodius' work.

Methodius eventually completed a Slavonic translation of the Scriptures, as well as of Byzantine ecclesiastical and civil law, while continuing his missionary activities. He died on April 6, 885. The chronicle records that at his funeral, celebrated in Greek, Latin, and Slavonic, "The people, carrying tapers, came together in huge numbers;...all were there. For Methodius had been all things to all people that he might lead them all to heaven."

You could say that SS. Cyril and Methodius, Eastern churchmen working in collaboration with the Western Pope, were among the first ecumenists. In recognition of this, Pope John Paul II, in 1981, proclaimed them joint patrons of Europe, together with St. Benedict of Nursia.

The heritage of liturgy in the vernacular left to Eastern Christendom by SS. Cyril and Methodius is of monumental importance. Orthodox churches commemorate St. Cyril on February 14th, St. Methodius on April 6th, and both brothers together on May 11th. The Episcopal Church also honors the saints on February 14. Catholic churches commemorate them together on July 7th.